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<small><time class="date dt-published" datetime="2022-03-12T00:00:00+08:00">12 March 2022</time> - 字数统计:3472 - 阅读大约需要11分钟 - Hits: <span id="/2022/03/12/alpine.html" class="visitors">Loading...</span></small>
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<h1 class="p-name">Alpine的使用体验</h1>
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<p class="view">by <a class="p-author h-card" href="//github.com/Mabbs">mayx</a></p>
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<b>AI摘要</b>
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<p id="ai-output">这篇文章主要介绍了作者在学习Docker的过程中,体验了Alpine Linux作为其容器化环境的优势。Alpine Linux因其小巧轻量、稳定性高、安装简单和内存占用低等特点,适合在生产环境中使用,尤其是对于资源有限的服务器,可以节省空间和提升性能。作者在虚拟机里安装了LEMP环境(Linux、Nginx、MySQL和PHP),并经历了从理论上学习到实际操作的过程,对安装和配置进行了详细分享。最后,作者表示在测试阶段,使用Alpine搭建的Discuz环境表现良好,验证了其作为未来项目基础环境的可行性,强调了“小就是好”的优势。</p>
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<hr />
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<ul><li><a href="#起因">起因</a></li><li><a href="#alpine的特点">Alpine的特点</a></li><li><a href="#预期的问题解决方案">预期的问题解决方案</a></li><li><a href="#alpine的安装与环境测试">Alpine的安装与环境测试</a><ul><li><a href="#安装lemp">安装LEMP</a></li><li><a href="#配置bbr">配置BBR</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#体验和总结">体验和总结</a></li></ul>
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<main class="post-content e-content" role="main"><p>没别的,小就是好!<!--more--></p>
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<h1 id="起因">
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<a href="#起因"><svg class='octicon' viewBox='0 0 16 16' version='1.1' width='16' height='32' aria-hidden='true'><path fill-rule='evenodd' d='M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z'></path></svg></a> 起因
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</h1>
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<p>最近一段时间,我开始学习Docker了。在学习期间,我知道了Docker官方推荐的Alpine Linux系统。以前我也听说过这个系统,但是名字没什么特色就没关心过。不过既然学了Docker,我也体验了一下,发现还真是相当不错,而且正好能解决我手头的问题。</p>
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<h1 id="alpine的特点">
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<a href="#alpine的特点"><svg class='octicon' viewBox='0 0 16 16' version='1.1' width='16' height='32' aria-hidden='true'><path fill-rule='evenodd' d='M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z'></path></svg></a> Alpine的特点
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</h1>
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<p>Alpine Linux和我之前用过的<a href="/2020/12/07/picore.html">piCore</a>在PC上用的版本TinyCore Linux有相似之处,他们都是基于Busybox来驱动整个系统的,不过TinyCore的软件要少很多,而且软件都是用类似镜像的方式打包,系统也是在内存中运行的,所以并不适合在生产环境中使用。Alpine就不一样了,它库中的软件很明显要多得多,而且现在很多人都在使用基于Docker构建的程序上,稳定性肯定是没有任何问题的,大小虽然比TinyCore Linux大了些,但是相比于CentOS之类的发行版要小太多了,而且在没有装程序的时候内存基础占用才不到100MiB。 </p><p>
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另外它安装软件也特别简单,使用的命令是<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">apk add</code>,比如我想在Alpine上安装Docker,就直接输入<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">apk add docker</code>就行了,基本上不需要其他什么操作,Docker就安装好了,然后再执行个<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">rc-update add docker boot</code>加到启动项里,不像其他发行版还要加什么源啊,还要安装什么containerd啊,就很麻烦。 </p><p>
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不过据说Alpine不适合开发,好像是因为系统用的是musl libc,用的人少,有些程序会不兼容……不过在我这次测试当中,没有碰见类似的问题。所以对于我来说,在生产服务器上使用CentOS实在是太浪费了,浪费硬盘空间又浪费内存空间,像我能用的服务器性能都不怎么高,要是用Alpine那就可以在一定程度上再提高性能了。</p>
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<h1 id="预期的问题解决方案">
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<a href="#预期的问题解决方案"><svg class='octicon' viewBox='0 0 16 16' version='1.1' width='16' height='32' aria-hidden='true'><path fill-rule='evenodd' d='M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z'></path></svg></a> 预期的问题解决方案
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</h1>
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<p>在两年前,我为了优化我所维护的花火学园曾经把系统<a href="/2020/01/05/devops.html">Ubuntu换成CentOS</a>,而最近,我接手了另一个ACGN资源论坛——资源统筹局。这个论坛的体积也不小,因为之前论坛里对附件的上传限制不高,导致很大部分都是附件占的体积。像现在花火学园从以前的只有2GiB到现在有20GiB了,再加上统筹局又有十几GiB,还有CentOS本身又要10GiB左右,我原来租的64GiB大小的硬盘基本上不够用了,所以现在只好先升到了80GiB的硬盘。不过考虑到可持续发展,增加硬盘容量就要增加成本,这对可持续发展不是一件好事。想想CentOS要占掉这么大的空间实在是不合适,如果我能把这部分空间节省下来的话,那我还能继续用64GiB硬盘的服务器。 </p><p>
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不过因为现在的数据量比较大,而且服务的用户也比较多,如果计划出问题恢复起来也比较麻烦,所以我想先在自己在电脑上创建一个类似的服务器,安装上Alpine进行预演测试,然后再找空闲时间在服务器上进行迁移操作,这样就能尽可能保证服务不会因为操作失误而中断了。</p>
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<h1 id="alpine的安装与环境测试">
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<a href="#alpine的安装与环境测试"><svg class='octicon' viewBox='0 0 16 16' version='1.1' width='16' height='32' aria-hidden='true'><path fill-rule='evenodd' d='M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z'></path></svg></a> Alpine的安装与环境测试
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</h1>
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<p>我在选取Alpine镜像的时候是使用的virt镜像,因为介绍上说这个版本对虚拟机有优化,而云服务器本质上就是一个KVM的虚拟机,我在电脑上装的话则是Hyper-V的虚拟机,所以我用的是这个版本。在启动之后,首先需要执行<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">setup-alpine</code>进行配置和安装,这么看来用光盘启动的Alpine有点像LiveCD,另外在服务器上安装的话在选择那个硬盘模式的时候可以选LVM,选了LVM之后方便以后调硬盘大小,然后再选sys。不过LVM有可能会影响性能,所以追求极致性能的话可以直接选sys。其他部分安装都很人性化,包括选择源还能自动找到最合适的源,这个比Ubuntu好多了,apt想换源还得手动换。</p>
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<h2 id="安装lemp">
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<a href="#安装lemp"><svg class='octicon' viewBox='0 0 16 16' version='1.1' width='16' height='32' aria-hidden='true'><path fill-rule='evenodd' d='M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z'></path></svg></a> 安装LEMP
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</h2>
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<p>安装完成之后弹出光盘然后重启就OK了,接下来是安装LEMP环境。我以前用LEMP基本上要么是配好的,要么就是一键包,我既没有体验过编译安装,也没有试过用软件包管理器安装。所以这次在Alpine上安装也算是一个挑战了。像Docker安装既然直接安就可以,那这三个组件应该也差不多,我一开始是找的网上的文章,装倒是能正常装,但是我找了一个探针试着运行了一下总是报500的错误……结果发现网上那些在Alpine上安装的PHP连像php-json这种核心库都没装😓,后面我只好自己摸索,把Discuz需要的PHP扩展装全了,在安装软件之前,要启用community源,不然好多包会找不到,具体位置是在<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">/etc/apk/repositories</code>,把里面那个community源前面的#去掉,然后执行一下<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">apk update</code>就行了。</p>
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<ol>
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<li>安装PHP的命令主要是:<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">apk add php7 php7-fpm php7-opcache php7-gd php7-mysqli php7-zlib php7-curl php7-pdo php7-mysqlnd php7-json php7-exif php7-zip php7-redis php7-imagick php7-fileinfo php7-xml</code>,安装完之后别忘记把php-fpm加到启动项里:<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">rc-update add php-fpm7 default</code>,这些库安装完基本上大多数网站引擎就能正常用了。</li>
|
||||
<li>还有就是MySQL,我装的是MariaDB,反正也是相互兼容的,应该也不影响。具体命令是<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">apk add mariadb mariadb-client</code>,然后执行<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">/etc/init.d/mariadb setup</code>初始化,执行<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">rc-update add mariadb default</code>和<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">rc-service mariadb start</code>加入启动项和启动数据库,再执行<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">mysql_secure_installation</code>配置一些安全上的东西就OK了。</li>
|
||||
<li>Nginx安装起来就简单多了,直接执行<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">apk add nginx</code>,然后加入启动项<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">rc-update add nginx default</code>就行了。当然这只是安装,之后还需要一些配置才能连接到PHP。</li>
|
||||
<li>额外的一些比如Redis我也试着装了一下,用<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">apk add redis</code>和<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">rc-update add redis default</code>就OK。</li>
|
||||
</ol>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>所有操作完成之后Nginx改一下配置文件,需要在<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">/etc/nginx/http.d</code>里的配置文件中增加一段:</p>
|
||||
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>location ~ \.php$ {
|
||||
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
|
||||
fastcgi_index index.php;
|
||||
include fastcgi.conf;
|
||||
}
|
||||
</code></pre></div></div>
|
||||
<p>这个文件夹里面的<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">default.conf</code>中没配root,而且默认404,这些使用的时候都需要改一下。 </p><p>
|
||||
所有的东西改完之后就可以使用完整的LEMP环境了。当然这些都是预演,这篇文章也是为了接下来在服务器上配置做准备。 </p><p>
|
||||
另外还有些安全上的问题,默认情况下是没有配禁用函数的,还有防火墙默认也没有安装,Alpine倒是支持安装ufw也挺方便的,这些实际使用的时候都得配一下。 </p><p>
|
||||
除此之外还有把php-fpm和redis配置成监听Unix Domain之类的优化操作,这些之前的文章都有写,这里就不多做描述了。</p>
|
||||
<h2 id="配置bbr">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<a href="#配置bbr"><svg class='octicon' viewBox='0 0 16 16' version='1.1' width='16' height='32' aria-hidden='true'><path fill-rule='evenodd' d='M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z'></path></svg></a> 配置BBR
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>之前用CentOS的时候我是直接用的脚本整的BBR,不过BBR好像是高版本Linux内核自带的功能,本来就不需要安装,Alpine的内核版本好像是5.15,就不用像CentOS那样还要升级内核了,所以只要执行以下命令:</p>
|
||||
<div class="language-shell highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nb">sed</span> <span class="nt">-i</span> <span class="s1">'/net.core.default_qdisc/d'</span> /etc/sysctl.conf
|
||||
<span class="nb">sed</span> <span class="nt">-i</span> <span class="s1">'/net.ipv4.tcp_congestion_control/d'</span> /etc/sysctl.conf
|
||||
<span class="nb">echo</span> <span class="s2">"net.core.default_qdisc = fq"</span> <span class="o">>></span> /etc/sysctl.conf
|
||||
<span class="nb">echo</span> <span class="s2">"net.ipv4.tcp_congestion_control = bbr"</span> <span class="o">>></span> /etc/sysctl.conf
|
||||
sysctl <span class="nt">-p</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></div>
|
||||
<p>然后重启,执行<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">lsmod | grep bbr</code>只要有<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">tcp_bbr</code>就OK。</p>
|
||||
<h1 id="体验和总结">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<a href="#体验和总结"><svg class='octicon' viewBox='0 0 16 16' version='1.1' width='16' height='32' aria-hidden='true'><path fill-rule='evenodd' d='M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z'></path></svg></a> 体验和总结
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</h1>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>最终整完之后安装了Discuz,感觉还挺不错的,功能简单试了一下都没有问题,用探针测试了一下速度也很不错,感觉作为接下来花火学园和资源统筹局的基础环境没有任何问题。 </p><p>
|
||||
在结束之后我看了一下占用硬盘才600MiB,空载内存才200MiB左右,这简直比CentOS好太多了,像CentOS的LEMP空载内存都要600MiB左右,我整个服务器才2GiB的内存,被系统占掉那么多它到底干了些啥?目前我没有发现任何坑,到时候迁移完再看吧,总之现在的我只能说,小就是好!</p></main>
|
||||
|
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|
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下一篇:用树莓派自制FM电台
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||||
</ul>
|
||||
</header>
|
||||
<section class="h-entry">
|
||||
|
||||
<small><time class="date dt-published" datetime="2022-03-27T00:00:00+08:00">27 March 2022</time> - 字数统计:2543 - 阅读大约需要9分钟 - Hits: <span id="/2022/03/27/radio.html" class="visitors">Loading...</span></small>
|
||||
<h1 class="p-name">用树莓派自制FM电台</h1>
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="view">by <a class="p-author h-card" href="//github.com/Mabbs">mayx</a></p>
|
||||
<div id="outdate" style="display:none;">
|
||||
<hr /><p>
|
||||
这是一篇创建于 <span id="outime"></span> 天前的文章,其中的信息可能已经有所发展或是发生改变。
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
daysold = Math.floor((new Date().getTime() - new Date("Sun, 27 Mar 2022 00:00:00 +0800").getTime()) / (24 * 60 * 60 * 1000));
|
||||
if (daysold > 90) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("outdate").style.display = "block";
|
||||
document.getElementById("outime").innerHTML = daysold;
|
||||
}
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
||||
<hr />
|
||||
|
||||
<b>AI摘要</b>
|
||||
<p id="ai-output">这篇文章介绍了作者如何用树莓派自制FM电台的过程,从一开始没有尝试官方系统,到选择RPiTX和fm_transmitter,最终找到并改进了PiFmAdv项目。作者通过实验发现PiFmAdv在音质和信号范围上有所提升,并提醒了可能的法律风险,如功率限制和频率使用规定。文章结尾作者表达了对无线电技术的兴趣,但也提到了法律限制和专业认证的要求。</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<hr />
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<ul><li><a href="#起因">起因</a></li><li><a href="#树莓派电台软件的选择">树莓派电台软件的选择</a></li><li><a href="#pifmadv的体验">PiFmAdv的体验</a></li><li><a href="#可能的风险与危害">可能的风险与危害</a></li><li><a href="#来点阴谋论">来点阴谋论</a></li><li><a href="#感想">感想</a></li></ul>
|
||||
<hr />
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<main class="post-content e-content" role="main"><p>无线电还挺有意思啊。<!--more--></p>
|
||||
<h1 id="起因">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<a href="#起因"><svg class='octicon' viewBox='0 0 16 16' version='1.1' width='16' height='32' aria-hidden='true'><path fill-rule='evenodd' d='M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z'></path></svg></a> 起因
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</h1>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>其实我在很早以前就知道树莓派可以当广播电台了,但是我由于我作死的最早开始用的系统是<a href="/2020/12/07/picore.html">piCore</a>,而且感觉它功能够用就再没换回成官方系统。然而树莓派很多有趣的项目都是基于官方系统而不是不知名的发行版制作的,所以实际上虽然我知道树莓派有能力成为电台但是从来没有试过。然后最近突然想试试看,所以就把Raspberry Pi OS lite又下载回来刷到卡里,想试试看做个电台怎么样。</p>
|
||||
<h1 id="树莓派电台软件的选择">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<a href="#树莓派电台软件的选择"><svg class='octicon' viewBox='0 0 16 16' version='1.1' width='16' height='32' aria-hidden='true'><path fill-rule='evenodd' d='M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z'></path></svg></a> 树莓派电台软件的选择
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</h1>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>一般从网上找教程的话好像推荐直接安装<a href="https://github.com/F5OEO/rpitx">rpitx</a>,不过我看这个项目有段时间没有更新了,虽然功能好像更强大吧……不过我目前就只用的是FM电台的功能,我更希望它的电台功能更强大,所以我又看了看别的项目。我最先看的是<a href="https://github.com/markondej/fm_transmitter">fm_transmitter</a>这个项目,根据文档所述的方法安装之后确实能用,不过在整这个项目的时候因为我没有杜邦线传输距离很短,大概信号范围也就1m左右吧。后来我又搜了一下找到了<a href="https://github.com/miegl/PiFmAdv">PiFmAdv</a>这个项目,它看起来是基于<a href="https://github.com/ChristopheJacquet/PiFmRds">PiFmRds</a>项目改编升级的,功能多了很多,但是我不知道这个作者是怎么想的,原来的项目还支持ARM64(aarch64),结果改完之后反倒不支持了😓,最开始我怎么编译都不通过,后来看了一眼Makefile发现不太对劲,然后我就简单改了一下参数总算可以编译通过了。这一点我已经<a href="https://github.com/miegl/PiFmAdv/issues/93">提了issue</a>,不知道作者会不会改,如果不会改的话大家要是想在64位的树莓派系统上运行需要注意改一下Makefile。</p>
|
||||
<h1 id="pifmadv的体验">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<a href="#pifmadv的体验"><svg class='octicon' viewBox='0 0 16 16' version='1.1' width='16' height='32' aria-hidden='true'><path fill-rule='evenodd' d='M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z'></path></svg></a> PiFmAdv的体验
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</h1>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>用了一下PiFmAdv之后发现这个清晰度真的和项目描述一样音质比fm_transmitter好了很多,也没有杂音了。后来我又看了看文档,发现它最多支持同时通过3个GPIO接口发射信号,于是我试了试用以下命令启动:</p>
|
||||
<div class="language-shell highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>sox audio.mp3 <span class="nt">-t</span> wav - repeat - | <span class="nb">sudo</span> ./pi_fm_adv <span class="nt">--audio</span> - <span class="nt">--freq</span> 108.0 <span class="nt">--power</span> 7 <span class="nt">--gpio</span> 4 <span class="nt">--gpio</span> 20 <span class="nt">--gpio</span> 32 <span class="nt">--rds</span> 0
|
||||
</code></pre></div></div>
|
||||
<p>信号也真的好了很多。这下一下就让我起了兴趣,于是就去淘宝上买了点杜邦线回来当天线。按照说明来看,这个程序只能在GPIO的4、20和32号口输出信号,貌似是用到了GPCLK的功能,所以只能用这些针脚。4号和20号口很容易找,具体位置可以看下面我打”x”的位置:</p>
|
||||
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>,--------------------------------.
|
||||
| ooooooooooooooooooxo J8 +====
|
||||
| 1ooxoooooooooooooooo | USB
|
||||
| +====
|
||||
| Pi Model 3B V1.2 |
|
||||
| +----+ +====
|
||||
| |D| |SoC | | USB
|
||||
| |S| | | +====
|
||||
| |I| +----+ |
|
||||
| |C| +======
|
||||
| |S| | Net
|
||||
| pwr |HDMI| |I||A| +======
|
||||
`-| |--------| |----|V|-------'
|
||||
</code></pre></div></div>
|
||||
<p>但是32号口我是怎么找都没找到,在网上各种查资料都没有找到32号GPIO口……可能它是走的板子内的某根线吧…… </p><p>
|
||||
具体要接多长的天线呢?我看一般人推荐就接一节杜邦线就行了(大概10cm),当然这我肯定不会满足,我查了一下相关原理,好像说4号口理论上接1.5m长的天线可以最大化利用它的能力,所以我就直接买的公对母的线,接了2条大概1.4m的线,接到了4号和20号口,打开一试,信号真的一下就扩展到了将近1km的样子,我用手机的收音机功能测试在只有1道墙隔开的情况基本上1km没有任何问题,如果隔得墙多了大概只能到50m左右。不过这个发射信号的能力倒是比WiFi强了不少,估计是因为频率比较低吧。 </p><p>
|
||||
这个程序不仅支持发射音频信号,还能发射RDS数据,不过很遗憾我没有接收RDS数据的设备,所以我也测不了……</p>
|
||||
<h1 id="可能的风险与危害">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<a href="#可能的风险与危害"><svg class='octicon' viewBox='0 0 16 16' version='1.1' width='16' height='32' aria-hidden='true'><path fill-rule='evenodd' d='M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z'></path></svg></a> 可能的风险与危害
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</h1>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>首先,个人发射无线电波在很多国家都是违法的,我搜了一下大多数国家在电台频段个人发射的功率限制基本上连1mW都不到,树莓派一个针脚最大发射电流是16mA,和电压3.3V相乘就要接近50mW了,所以要想玩的话要么就不要接天线,或者说不要接太长的天线,或者不要开时间太长,免得被别人搜到,还有就是不要占用有信号的频道,一是自己听着也乱,二是这样如果有人在用更容易被发现。另外不推荐设置超过87-108Mhz的频率,一是这样中国的收音机也接收不到,二是再往上就要到航空用频道,再往下就可能到军用频道的,那些频道占用的话还是挺危险的,所以一般给无线电爱好者分的频段好像都在300-400Mhz的样子,当然这样那就不是FM电台了,在那个频段的好像都是对讲机啥的。所以最终还是推荐别开时间太长,而且不推荐播小广告啥的,放音乐一般好像没人管,播广告那就是妥妥的“黑广播”了。 </p><p>
|
||||
另外还有可能的危害比如说假如有人在飞机上在航空频段开广播,这个程序可是没有限制频率的,那可能真的可以让飞机驾驶舱播广播,这可就不是小问题了。严重的可能飞行员就只能迫降了,毕竟要是听不清塔台的信号那还是有大问题的。</p>
|
||||
<h1 id="来点阴谋论">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<a href="#来点阴谋论"><svg class='octicon' viewBox='0 0 16 16' version='1.1' width='16' height='32' aria-hidden='true'><path fill-rule='evenodd' d='M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z'></path></svg></a> 来点阴谋论
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</h1>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>综上所述,我觉得从权力机构的层面可能因此有限制无线电知识的情况。其实普通人想发射无线电是非常容易的事情,有电流通过的地方就有电磁波,这么说来那我觉得不只是树莓派这种连接虚拟与现实的设备能做得到发射无线电,但凡是有导线,能改变通电状态的设备理论上应该都可以。那我是不是用扬声器,USB线等能传输信号的设备都可以发射?这让我想起了Fabrice Bellard大神写的一个<a href="https://bellard.org/dvbt/">用VGA显卡来发射DVB-T信号的程序</a>,那个程序应该说是非常厉害了,我觉得理论上我用扬声器发射FM信号这种事情应该是能做到的,就是不知道声卡能不能不解码直接向扬声器发射电流,另外还有个好处就是树莓派实际上是用PMW模拟的FM信号,而扬声器是可以调整电流大小的,理论上实现可能更简单吧……其实要是说呢以前的手机是支持当作FM电台的,现在就都不支持了,所以我觉得说不定不是大家做不出来这样的程序,而是做出来的人都消失了😂。希望能有大佬给点力吧,能把这种软件多开源点出来。</p>
|
||||
<h1 id="感想">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<a href="#感想"><svg class='octicon' viewBox='0 0 16 16' version='1.1' width='16' height='32' aria-hidden='true'><path fill-rule='evenodd' d='M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z'></path></svg></a> 感想
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</h1>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>感觉无线电还挺有意思的,要不然回头学一学考个业余电台操作证书?我之前还看过一位大佬<a href="https://blog.aoaoao.me/p/amateur-satellite/">用卫星和世界各地的人通信</a>,感觉真的非常厉害。不过在这里面有好多法律的限制还挺麻烦的……可能也就只能自己玩玩了吧。</p></main>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<small style="display: block">tags: <a rel="category tag" class="p-category" href="/search.html?keyword=%E6%A0%91%E8%8E%93%E6%B4%BE"><em>树莓派</em></a> - <a rel="category tag" class="p-category" href="/search.html?keyword=%E7%94%B5%E5%8F%B0"><em>电台</em></a> - <a rel="category tag" class="p-category" href="/search.html?keyword=FM"><em>FM</em></a> <span style="float: right;"><a href="https://gitlab.com/mayx/mayx.gitlab.io/tree/master/_posts/2022-03-27-radio.md">查看原始文件</a></span></small>
|
||||
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||||
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|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/css/gitalk.css">
|
||||
<script src="/assets/js/gitalk.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="gitalk-container"></div>
|
||||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
var gitalk = new Gitalk({
|
||||
clientID: '36557aec4c3cb04f7ac6',
|
||||
clientSecret: 'ac32993299751cb5a9ba81cf2b171cca65879cdb',
|
||||
repo: 'mabbs.github.io',
|
||||
owner: 'Mabbs',
|
||||
admin: ['Mabbs'],
|
||||
id: '/2022/03/27/radio', // Ensure uniqueness and length less than 50
|
||||
distractionFreeMode: false, // Facebook-like distraction free mode
|
||||
proxy: "https://cors-anywhere.mayx.eu.org/?https://github.com/login/oauth/access_token"
|
||||
})
|
||||
gitalk.render('gitalk-container')
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<!-- <![endif]-->
|
||||
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
<!--[if !IE]> -->
|
||||
<div id="landlord" style="left:5px;bottom:0px;">
|
||||
<div class="message" style="opacity:0"></div>
|
||||
<canvas id="live2d" width="500" height="560" class="live2d"></canvas>
|
||||
<div class="live_talk_input_body">
|
||||
<form id="live_talk_input_form">
|
||||
<div class="live_talk_input_name_body" >
|
||||
<input type="checkbox" id="load_this" />
|
||||
<input type="hidden" id="post_id" value="/2022/03/27/radio.html" />
|
||||
<label for="load_this">
|
||||
<span style="font-size: 11px; color: #fff;"> 想问这篇文章</span>
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="live_talk_input_text_body">
|
||||
<input name="talk" type="text" class="live_talk_talk white_input" id="AIuserText" autocomplete="off" placeholder="要和我聊什么呀?" />
|
||||
<button type="submit" class="live_talk_send_btn" id="talk_send">发送</button>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</form>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<input name="live_talk" id="live_talk" value="1" type="hidden" />
|
||||
<div class="live_ico_box" style="display:none;">
|
||||
<div class="live_ico_item type_info" id="showInfoBtn"></div>
|
||||
<div class="live_ico_item type_talk" id="showTalkBtn"></div>
|
||||
<div class="live_ico_item type_music" id="musicButton"></div>
|
||||
<div class="live_ico_item type_youdu" id="youduButton"></div>
|
||||
<div class="live_ico_item type_quit" id="hideButton"></div>
|
||||
<input name="live_statu_val" id="live_statu_val" value="0" type="hidden" />
|
||||
<audio src="" style="display:none;" id="live2d_bgm" data-bgm="0" preload="none"></audio>
|
||||
<input id="duType" value="douqilai" type="hidden" />
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div id="open_live2d">召唤伊斯特瓦尔</div>
|
||||
<!-- <![endif]-->
|
||||
<footer>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<small>Made with ❤ by Mayx<br />Last updated at 2026-01-01 00:00:18<br /> 总字数:614622 - 文章数:178 - <a href="/atom.xml" >Atom</a> - <a href="/README.html" >About</a></small>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</footer>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<script src="/assets/js/scale.fix.js"></script>
|
||||
<!--[if !IE]> -->
|
||||
<script src="/assets/js/main_new.js"></script>
|
||||
<script src="/Live2dHistoire/live2d/js/live2d.js"></script>
|
||||
<script src="/Live2dHistoire/live2d/js/message.js"></script>
|
||||
<!-- <![endif]-->
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user