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<small><time class="date dt-published" datetime="2022-10-05T00:00:00+08:00">5 October 2022</time> - 字数统计：2631 - 阅读大约需要8分钟 - Hits: <span id="/2022/10/05/rules.html" class="visitors">Loading...</span></small>
<h1 class="p-name">Cloudflare规则新功能体验</h1>
<p class="view">by <a class="p-author h-card" href="//github.com/Mabbs">mayx</a></p>
<div id="outdate" style="display:none;">
<hr /><p>
这是一篇创建于 <span id="outime"></span> 天前的文章，其中的信息可能已经有所发展或是发生改变。
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<b>AI摘要</b>
<p id="ai-output">这篇文章分享了Cloudflare新增的几个规则功能的体验，包括二级域名重定向、动态重定向和内容转换，如重写URL、请求头、响应头以及应对防盗链问题。作者赞赏Cloudflare的免费服务和强大功能，但也指出了一些限制，比如免费用户不能随意使用正则表达式，以及规则配置上的局限。作者表达了对于更自由配置的向往，但同时也认可Cloudflare在性能和实用性上的优势。</p>
<hr />
<ul><li><a href="#起因">起因</a></li><li><a href="#使用体验">使用体验</a><ul><li><a href="#二级域名重定向到用户页面">二级域名重定向到用户页面</a></li><li><a href="#pixiv图片反代">Pixiv图片反代</a></li><li><a href="#iwara下载地址解析与dns解析">Iwara下载地址解析与DNS解析</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#感想">感想</a></li></ul>
<hr />
<main class="post-content e-content" role="main"><p>Cloudflare真是良心，为广大站长节约了无数成本！♥<!--more--></p>
<h1 id="起因">
<a href="#起因"><svg class='octicon' viewBox='0 0 16 16' version='1.1' width='16' height='32' aria-hidden='true'><path fill-rule='evenodd' d='M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z'></path></svg></a> 起因
</h1>
<p>之前登录到Cloudflare的时候看规则的时候发现了一些新功能，现在好像增加了什么转换规则，动态重定向啥的。看到之后好像还挺有意思，就试用了一下。用了一下之后发现还真不错，功能很强大，而且还免费。所以这次想说说关于Cloudflare规则新出的几个功能体验。</p>
<h1 id="使用体验">
<a href="#使用体验"><svg class='octicon' viewBox='0 0 16 16' version='1.1' width='16' height='32' aria-hidden='true'><path fill-rule='evenodd' d='M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z'></path></svg></a> 使用体验
</h1>
<p>为了更好的描述，我就直接用实例说明了。</p>
<h2 id="二级域名重定向到用户页面">
<a href="#二级域名重定向到用户页面"><svg class='octicon' viewBox='0 0 16 16' version='1.1' width='16' height='32' aria-hidden='true'><path fill-rule='evenodd' d='M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z'></path></svg></a> 二级域名重定向到用户页面
</h2>
<p>之前Telegram出了个新功能，可以直接用二级域名作为自己的Telegram名片，比如我的用户名是unmayx，在Telegram上就是 <a href="https://unmayx.t.me/">https://unmayx.t.me/</a> 。这个功能看起来还挺有意思的，所以我也想给自己的网站整一个。其实这个东西如果说自己的网站没有二级域名，直接用页面规则就可以做出来，这个功能能实现也是多亏了Cloudflare愿意让免费用户使用泛解析的代理，真是太良心了😭。首先在解析里加一条泛解析，A或者CNAME都行，目标也可以随便填。然后在页面规则里加一条URL为<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">*.example.com/*</code>这样的地址，具体域名写自己的就行，然后设置为转发URL，状态代码301或者302都行，目标URL填类似于<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">https://example.com/username-$1.html</code>，具体规则根据自己网站来，像Telegram那样的规则就可以填<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">https://t.me/$1</code>这样子 <del>（当然Telegram不可能用Cloudflare的CDN啦🤣）</del> 。 </p><p>
不过这样设定有个问题，大多数网站不会只有一级域名，如果有二级域名而且也用了Cloudflare CDN会和规则冲突导致优先匹配规则。Cloudflare原来的页面规则比较拉跨的地方就是除了匹配URL没有别的可以操作的地方，像我要不匹配某个东西也没办法做到。还好新出的动态重定向有这样的功能，它可以匹配一串东西，比如我要不匹配某个地址，比如www开头的我可以写<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">not starts_with(http.host, "www.")</code>，反正Cloudflare的证书也没法用在三级以上的域名，这样匹配也没啥问题。另外还要除了自己，所以最终写成<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">(not starts_with(http.host, "www.") and http.host ne "example.com")</code>就可以啦，接下来就是写动态重定向到哪里了。我翻了半天<a href="https://developers.cloudflare.com/ruleset-engine/rules-language/">文档</a>发现除非用正则表达式，否则没有办法单独把<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">http.host</code>中“.”前面的东西取出来，然而正则功能不是免费的😂。 </p><p>
但是之前用页面规则的时候也没有这个问题啊，怎么这个新功能还有这种问题……不过既然页面规则支持这个功能那我们就可以把两个结合一下，先用动态重定向接收，然后发给页面规则处理就好啦，所以我们可以把刚刚动态重定向的表达式写成一个和现有网站不冲突的地址，比如<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">concat("https://example.com/user/", http.host, "/")</code>，这时候它会先重定向到一级域名的某个位置，然后用页面规则接收一下，URL设定为<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">example.com/user/*.example.com/</code>，然后目标URL设定为<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">https://example.com/username-$1.html</code>就可以啦。</p>
<h2 id="pixiv图片反代">
<a href="#pixiv图片反代"><svg class='octicon' viewBox='0 0 16 16' version='1.1' width='16' height='32' aria-hidden='true'><path fill-rule='evenodd' d='M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z'></path></svg></a> Pixiv图片反代
</h2>
<p>之前我也有搭过Pixiv的图片反代，是学着<a href="https://pixiv.re/reverseproxy.html">Pixiv圖片代理</a>的教程搭的，用的是Cloudflare Workers，不过我大概看了下代码其实我们的主要目的只是想让服务器收到可以用的Referer嘛，正好这个新出的转换规则就挺不错的，可以重写URL、请求头和响应头，那么我们这次的需求就是把请求Pixiv图片服务器的请求头改掉吧，那么我们就首先给自己的域名加一条指向i.pximg.net的CNAME解析，像我整的就是 <a href="https://pixiv.mayx.eu.org">https://pixiv.mayx.eu.org</a> ，然后添加一条修改请求头的转换规则，内容就写当<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">(http.host eq "pixiv.mayx.eu.org")</code>时，将Referer设定为 <a href="https://www.pixiv.net/">https://www.pixiv.net/</a> 就好啦（实际上好像是只要包含pixiv字样就可以）。 </p><p>
为了让它能发挥更大的用处，我想起来我以前写的<a href="/2021/02/23/picbotpro.html">发图微信机器人</a>，这次我想整个直接在Web界面就可以用的，于是<a href="https://github.com/Mabbs/pixiv-index/blob/main/setu.html">Viewer</a>就诞生了，而且用的就是我新设定的反代，相比原来的Workers反代不仅没有了请求次数限制，而且还可以设定页面规则来设置更长时间的缓存，来达到更快的速度。</p>
<h2 id="iwara下载地址解析与dns解析">
<a href="#iwara下载地址解析与dns解析"><svg class='octicon' viewBox='0 0 16 16' version='1.1' width='16' height='32' aria-hidden='true'><path fill-rule='evenodd' d='M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z'></path></svg></a> Iwara下载地址解析与DNS解析
</h2>
<p>看着这个规则我就又想起来了高中的时候写的<a href="/2019/04/13/iwara.html">Iwara Viewer</a>，因为跨域我不能直接用Web调用Iwara的API，而且当时主要是为了给服务器获取下载地址。现在我既然可以用转换规则改响应头，那相应的我就可以加一个<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *</code>了吧，那这样我也可以用前端去直接调用Iwara的API了吧，所以我简单写了一个<a href="/iwara.html">Iwara Downloader</a>，因为对JavaScript不是特别熟悉，而且Iwara的目录老是出问题，所以就懒得写Viewer了。现在只要把Iwara的地址粘到输入框里，比如<a href="https://ecchi.iwara.tv/videos/jemn7sgm7wuw0oqv9">OBSERVATION DIARY</a>，就可以获取到这个视频的下载地址。不过这个东西确实有点鸡肋了😂，毕竟Iwara又不是不给你下载地址。 </p><p>
其实我写这个还有个想法就是做在国内下载的加速器，但是那个防盗链实在是整的让人难受，它的Hash目前来看好像是由文件名，Host，过期时间和访问者IP四个值算出来的（有没有更多的我也不清楚），我要是修改了这四个中的任意一项就会403，然而Iwara的域名又被DNS污染了，首先先解决这个问题吧，Cloudflare能代理除了它本身的其他不检查Host的网站，我想了想可以反代Google DNS的DoH，这样我就可以获取到下载地址的真实IP了（顺便dns.mayx.eu.org就相当于我的DoH了）。不过获取到了也没什么用😂，如果改hosts会发现有SNI RST，直接用IP访问防盗链会检查Host字段，我也想过要不然把下载的地址再反代一下？不过因为会检查Host，那个转换规则又不能改Host，所以没办法，就先写这么个东西吧。</p>
<h1 id="感想">
<a href="#感想"><svg class='octicon' viewBox='0 0 16 16' version='1.1' width='16' height='32' aria-hidden='true'><path fill-rule='evenodd' d='M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z'></path></svg></a> 感想
</h1>
<p>Cloudflare真是良心啊，其他就算是付费CDN可能都没有这么多功能吧，而且还抗打。不过限制还是比较多的，要是能像Nginx那样随意配置该多好啊😂，不过想想也不可能，真那样估计就被大规模滥用了。</p></main>
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<small><time class="date dt-published" datetime="2022-10-08T00:00:00+08:00">8 October 2022</time> - 字数统计：1699 - 阅读大约需要6分钟 - Hits: <span id="/2022/10/08/tinyaes.html" class="visitors">Loading...</span></small>
<h1 class="p-name">用Python写一个超简单的加密程序</h1>
<p class="view">by <a class="p-author h-card" href="//github.com/Mabbs">mayx</a></p>
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<b>AI摘要</b>
<p id="ai-output">这篇文章介绍了一种使用Python编写的简单加密程序，作者发现TinyAES库非常适合对数据进行AES-128-CTR加密，因为其加密和解密方法一致，使用起来非常直观。作者通过导入MD5哈希来处理非16位长度的密码，然后举例编写了一个加密脚本，用户只需提供文件路径和密钥即可执行加密或解密。这种库相比于复杂的加密库（如pycryptodome或cryptography），被作者认为更符合Python的简洁性和易用性。</p>
<hr />
<ul><li><a href="#起因">起因</a></li><li><a href="#探索">探索</a></li><li><a href="#使用方法">使用方法</a></li><li><a href="#示例">示例</a></li><li><a href="#感想">感想</a></li></ul>
<hr />
<main class="post-content e-content" role="main"><p>有些冷门的库也许更容易解决问题<!--more--></p>
<h1 id="起因">
<a href="#起因"><svg class='octicon' viewBox='0 0 16 16' version='1.1' width='16' height='32' aria-hidden='true'><path fill-rule='evenodd' d='M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z'></path></svg></a> 起因
</h1>
<p>最近在写Python脚本的时候遇到一个问题，就是怎么样轻松的加密一串字符。在网上随便一搜大都是介绍的使用比如pycryptodome或者cryptography库进行加密，我以前写的一个<a href="/2020/06/13/encrypt.html">加密传输Demo</a>作业的时候就用过。不过现在总感觉看着很难受，倒不是说有多复杂，主要是这些库的算法太多了，什么AES，RSA啥的都有，而且还有一堆乱七八糟的参数，我用的时候还要去思考到底用哪个算法比较好，还要考虑有些有什么向量之类乱七八糟的。但是很多时候我只是单纯要个加密，不想去考虑这些乱七八糟的东西，那我应该怎么做比较好呢？</p>
<h1 id="探索">
<a href="#探索"><svg class='octicon' viewBox='0 0 16 16' version='1.1' width='16' height='32' aria-hidden='true'><path fill-rule='evenodd' d='M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z'></path></svg></a> 探索
</h1>
<p>这时候我想起来我以前用的Pyinstaller库如果想要使用Key参数的时候会要求安装一个叫做<a href="https://pypi.org/project/tinyaes/">tinyaes</a>的库，我搜了一下这个库，网上几乎没有对这个库的介绍，没办法就只好去Github找找它<a href="https://github.com/naufraghi/tinyaes-py">源代码的仓库</a>。去看了一眼说了跟没说一样，就几句话连个示例也没有的……不过大概意思就是C也有个叫<a href="https://github.com/kokke/tiny-AES-c">tiny-AES-c</a>的库，它是在Python上对这个库做的一个简单的包装，但那个仓库里面也没有示例😂……还好tinyaes仓库里面有个测试脚本，我看了一眼又回去看了看C的库那个文档，结合“Same function for encrypting as for decrypting in CTR mode”这句话我才明白，这个tinyaes原来就用一个方法就能进行加解密了！怪不得叫“xcrypt”，就像xor加密那样，用同样的方法就可以做到加密和解密，这个仓库加密的算法是AES-128-CTR，这样我也不用费心考虑到底选什么加密算法了，使用也非常简单，非常的符合我的需求啊，可惜就是这个库不怎么出名，100个⭐都不到。</p>
<h1 id="使用方法">
<a href="#使用方法"><svg class='octicon' viewBox='0 0 16 16' version='1.1' width='16' height='32' aria-hidden='true'><path fill-rule='evenodd' d='M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z'></path></svg></a> 使用方法
</h1>
<p>tinyaes的使用方法非常简单，一句话就可以搞定，而且加密和解密的代码完全一致：</p>
<div class="language-python highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nb">__import__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"tinyaes"</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="n">AES</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sa">b</span><span class="s">"十六位的密码"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="sa">b</span><span class="s">"十六位的向量，可以不要"</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="n">CTR_xcrypt_buffer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sa">b</span><span class="s">"需要加密/解密的内容"</span><span class="p">)</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>使用起来非常的简单啊，就是密码要求必须是16位的……那我要是想要一个随意位数的密码怎么办呢？我想起来MD5的hash长度好像就是16位的，所以如果想要其他位数的密码就用MD5哈希之后再用吧。</p>
<h1 id="示例">
<a href="#示例"><svg class='octicon' viewBox='0 0 16 16' version='1.1' width='16' height='32' aria-hidden='true'><path fill-rule='evenodd' d='M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z'></path></svg></a> 示例
</h1>
<p>既然使用方法如此简单，我估摸了一下，如果写一个加密文件的小程序估计用不了10行，用其他的加密库我估计应该做不到吧，所以说就随手写了一个试试看，果然不到10行就写了出来，看起来非常不错。</p>
<div class="language-python highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">hashlib</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">tinyaes</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sys</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sys</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">argv</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="nb">exit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sa">f</span><span class="s">"Usage: </span><span class="si">{</span><span class="n">sys</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">argv</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s"> [filepath] [key]"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">key</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">tinyaes</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">AES</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hashlib</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">md5</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sys</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">argv</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">].</span><span class="n">encode</span><span class="p">()).</span><span class="n">digest</span><span class="p">())</span>
<span class="k">with</span> <span class="nb">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sys</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">argv</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="s">'rb'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">orig</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">with</span> <span class="nb">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sys</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">argv</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s">".xc"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">'wb'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">enc</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">byte_block</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">iter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">lambda</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">orig</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">read</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4096</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="sa">b</span><span class="s">''</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">enc</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">CTR_xcrypt_buffer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">byte_block</span><span class="p">))</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>用法很简单，比如我给这个脚本起名叫“encrypt_file.py”，我想加密就可以直接输入<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">python3 encrypt_file.py 要加密的文件.txt 密码</code>就可以了，执行完之后会生成一个“.xc”为后缀的文件，解密也一样，输入<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">python3 encrypt_file.py 要加密的文件.txt.xc 密码</code>就OK了，不过因为我这个程序并不能判断一个文件有没有加密，所以解密的时候就会给后缀再加一个“.xc”，这时候就只能手动把它去掉了。如果密码不正确，那就相当于二次加密了，解密就要按顺序依次反过来执行，很有意思。</p>
<h1 id="感想">
<a href="#感想"><svg class='octicon' viewBox='0 0 16 16' version='1.1' width='16' height='32' aria-hidden='true'><path fill-rule='evenodd' d='M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z'></path></svg></a> 感想
</h1>
<p>这样的库我感觉更符合Pythonic，用什么pycryptodome或者cryptography库写的就感觉像是Java程序那样臃肿，这种程序感觉就很直观，不用考虑那么多奇怪的东西。</p></main>
<small style="display: block">tags: <a rel="category tag" class="p-category" href="/search.html?keyword=Python"><em>Python</em></a> - <a rel="category tag" class="p-category" href="/search.html?keyword=%E5%8A%A0%E5%AF%86"><em>加密</em></a> <span style="float: right;"><a href="https://gitlab.com/mayx/mayx.gitlab.io/tree/master/_posts/2022-10-08-tinyaes.md">查看原始文件</a></span></small>
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<small><time class="date dt-published" datetime="2022-10-14T00:00:00+08:00">14 October 2022</time> - 字数统计：2126 - 阅读大约需要7分钟 - Hits: <span id="/2022/10/14/crack-aes.html" class="visitors">Loading...</span></small>
<h1 class="p-name">如何破解我上次写的加密程序？</h1>
<p class="view">by <a class="p-author h-card" href="//github.com/Mabbs">mayx</a></p>
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<b>AI摘要</b>
<p id="ai-output">这篇文章讲述了作者在尝试破解自己的Python加密程序时，发现使用AES-128-CTR加密模式且省略了初始化向量（iv）的情况下，加密的不安全性。作者后来了解到，CTR模式因为直接将密钥与iv通过AES加密后再异或数据，导致如果使用相同的iv和密钥加密不同的数据，通过异或运算可以轻易地从已知的密文和明文对中推断出其他密文的对应明文。为了解决这个问题，作者意识到按照官方建议添加iv并正确使用加密模式是必要的，最终调整了加密程序以确保安全性。作者也表达了一个教训，那就是在不了解的领域应遵循标准方法，否则可能会导致意想不到的问题。</p>
<hr />
<ul><li><a href="#起因">起因</a></li><li><a href="#探索">探索</a></li><li><a href="#解决办法">解决办法</a></li><li><a href="#感想">感想</a></li></ul>
<hr />
<main class="post-content e-content" role="main"><p>不按规则使用加密算法是非常不安全的！<!--more--></p>
<h1 id="起因">
<a href="#起因"><svg class='octicon' viewBox='0 0 16 16' version='1.1' width='16' height='32' aria-hidden='true'><path fill-rule='evenodd' d='M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z'></path></svg></a> 起因
</h1>
<p>前几天我用Python写了一个<a href="/2022/10/08/tinyaes.html">很简单的加密程序</a>，用的是tinyaes提供的AES-128-CTR加密方式，然后因为嫌麻烦没有整iv。最近几天我一直在搜关于AES中关于iv的信息，我一直没想明白那个iv到底是干啥用的。 </p><p>
在我看了几天那些关于AES的5种加密模式之后，关于ECB和CBC的加密模式讲的很多，而对其他加密模式讲的很不清楚……但唯一写的很清楚的就是ECB很不安全，重复使用相同的密钥和iv加密数据很不安全，尤其是CTR模式，直接完全丧失了机密性😂，这不是在完全否定我前几天写的东西嘛，然而除了这些就再没有写别的了……那它到底是怎么个丧失了机密性啊，又不说清楚，所以就只好我自己想了😓。</p>
<h1 id="探索">
<a href="#探索"><svg class='octicon' viewBox='0 0 16 16' version='1.1' width='16' height='32' aria-hidden='true'><path fill-rule='evenodd' d='M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z'></path></svg></a> 探索
</h1>
<p>首先我先看了看AES中5种加密模式的区别，发现CTR模式和其他模式有个不同的地方是它加密的是密码，而不是数据，它是把密码和iv通过AES加密算法加密之后把获得的东西和明文数据异或后来得到密文的，怪不得它可以加密和解密用相同的方法，原来它真的就是异或加密啊😂，那异或加密安全吗？我在网上也搜了搜，很多人说这是一种非常不安全的加密方式，只有不懂的人和刚入门密码学的人才会用，巧了，我就是不懂密码学的人😂，然而异或加密又怎么不安全网上又不说……我真的是无语了。 </p><p>
不说我就只能自己想了……首先，他们说CTR不安全的加密仅限于相同的iv和密码去加密不同的数据，而加密的方式是通过异或，那么我们先这样去算一下： </p><p>
K = AES(key, iv) </p><p>
C1 = K xor P1</p><p>
C2 = K xor P2</p><p>
其中K是用AES加密密码和iv获得的值，C代表密文，P代表明文。然后想着想着，如果用C1 xor C2会怎么样呢？最终用异或运算律算了一下，大概明白了为什么它不安全了，因为： </p><p>
C1 xor C2 = P1 xor P2 </p><p>
我们知道，在这种情况下假如你用P1或P2去异或上面式子得到的值，那你就能得到另一个明文，也就是： </p><p>
(C1 xor C2) xor P1 = P2 </p><p>
这样你只要知道一组用这个密钥加密的密文和明文，就能破解所有其他密文了！ </p><p>
于是根据这个原理我试着用Python写了一个根据已知明文密文对获得密文的程序出来：</p>
<div class="language-python highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">sys</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sys</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">argv</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="nb">exit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sa">f</span><span class="s">"Usage: </span><span class="si">{</span><span class="n">sys</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">argv</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s"> [enc_file1] [enc_file2] [plain_file2]"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">with</span> <span class="nb">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sys</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">argv</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="s">"rb"</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">enc_file1</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">with</span> <span class="nb">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sys</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">argv</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="s">"rb"</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">enc_file2</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">with</span> <span class="nb">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sys</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">argv</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="s">"rb"</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">plain_file2</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">with</span> <span class="nb">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sys</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">argv</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s">".crack"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"wb"</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">crack_file1</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">crack_file1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">bytes</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span> <span class="o">^</span> <span class="n">b</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">b</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">zip</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">bytes</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span> <span class="o">^</span> <span class="n">b</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">b</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">zip</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">enc_file1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">read</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="n">enc_file2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">read</span><span class="p">())),</span> <span class="n">plain_file2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">read</span><span class="p">())))</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>写完之后发现和加密的程序用了一样多的行数😂，试了一下，真的可以获得另外密文的对应的明文！而且是在不需要知道密码的情况，不过我不知道是我程序写的有问题还是推算的有问题，当想要破解的文件长度比已知明文密文的文件长时，破解出来的明文就只能破解到和已知明文密文一样长的位置……总之能证明之前写的加密确实“完全丧失了机密性”就行了。</p>
<h1 id="解决办法">
<a href="#解决办法"><svg class='octicon' viewBox='0 0 16 16' version='1.1' width='16' height='32' aria-hidden='true'><path fill-rule='evenodd' d='M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z'></path></svg></a> 解决办法
</h1>
<p>为了弥补上一篇文章写的加密程序所遇到的问题，这次我还是乖乖的按照官方说明使用iv吧，根据这个原理我重新写了一下我的程序：</p>
<div class="language-python highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">hashlib</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">tinyaes</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sys</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">os</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sys</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">argv</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="nb">exit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sa">f</span><span class="s">"Usage: </span><span class="si">{</span><span class="n">sys</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">argv</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s"> [filepath] [key]"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">enc</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">False</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sys</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">argv</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">sys</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">argv</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">:]</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s">".enc"</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">enc</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">True</span>
<span class="k">with</span> <span class="nb">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sys</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">argv</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="s">'rb'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">orig</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">iv</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">os</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">urandom</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">key</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">tinyaes</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">AES</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hashlib</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">md5</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sys</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">argv</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">].</span><span class="n">encode</span><span class="p">()).</span><span class="n">digest</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="n">orig</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">read</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">enc</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="n">iv</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">with</span> <span class="nb">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sys</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">argv</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">][:</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">enc</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="n">sys</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">argv</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s">".enc"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">'wb'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">targetfile</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">enc</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">targetfile</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">iv</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">byte_block</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">iter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">lambda</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">orig</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">read</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4096</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="sa">b</span><span class="s">''</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">targetfile</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">CTR_xcrypt_buffer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">byte_block</span><span class="p">))</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>这次我把随机生成的iv存到了文件的开头，不过也正是如此，我没办法用完全相同的办法去进行加密和解密了……所以用了<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">.enc</code>后缀名作为明文和密文的区分。还有程序的行数几乎增加了一倍😂。</p>
<h1 id="感想">
<a href="#感想"><svg class='octicon' viewBox='0 0 16 16' version='1.1' width='16' height='32' aria-hidden='true'><path fill-rule='evenodd' d='M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z'></path></svg></a> 感想
</h1>
<p>看来对于不太了解的学科还是好好的按照人家说明书上写的做比较好，不然不懂装懂就会达不到预期的想法了。</p></main>
<small style="display: block">tags: <a rel="category tag" class="p-category" href="/search.html?keyword=Python"><em>Python</em></a> - <a rel="category tag" class="p-category" href="/search.html?keyword=%E5%8A%A0%E5%AF%86"><em>加密</em></a> - <a rel="category tag" class="p-category" href="/search.html?keyword=%E7%A0%B4%E8%A7%A3"><em>破解</em></a> <span style="float: right;"><a href="https://gitlab.com/mayx/mayx.gitlab.io/tree/master/_posts/2022-10-14-crack-aes.md">查看原始文件</a></span></small>
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<small><time class="date dt-published" datetime="2022-10-19T00:00:00+08:00">19 October 2022</time> - 字数统计：1994 - 阅读大约需要6分钟 - Hits: <span id="/2022/10/19/web3.html" class="visitors">Loading...</span></small>
<h1 class="p-name">在Web3上搭建一个自己的博客</h1>
<p class="view">by <a class="p-author h-card" href="//github.com/Mabbs">mayx</a></p>
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这是一篇创建于 <span id="outime"></span> 天前的文章，其中的信息可能已经有所发展或是发生改变。
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<b>AI摘要</b>
<p id="ai-output">这篇文章介绍了作者在Web3上使用xLog搭建博客的经历，提到xLog基于Crossbell区块链使用智能合约和IPFS存储内容，强调了其去中心化和防止审查的优点。尽管作者认为IPFS不能提供永久存储（除非结合Arweave或其他服务付费存储），但他利用4EVERLAND实现了静态博客的Git同步和DNSlink访问，提到了社交功能和成本问题。此外，作者对零网ZeroNet的体验并不理想，但也对Web3技术的发展和去中心化社区的建设表达了期待。</p>
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<ul><li><a href="#起因">起因</a></li><li><a href="#技术人员的方法">技术人员的方法</a></li><li><a href="#从ipfs直接访问">从IPFS直接访问</a></li><li><a href="#更好的永久存储">更好的永久存储</a></li><li><a href="#感想">感想</a></li></ul>
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<main class="post-content e-content" role="main"><p>感觉Web3可以真正的为现在的人们使用了呢。<!--more--></p>
<h1 id="起因">
<a href="#起因"><svg class='octicon' viewBox='0 0 16 16' version='1.1' width='16' height='32' aria-hidden='true'><path fill-rule='evenodd' d='M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z'></path></svg></a> 起因
</h1>
<p>最近偶然看到了一个很有意思的东西，叫<a href="https://xlog.app/">xLog</a>，大概试了试，这是在一条叫Crossbell的区块链上使用智能合约操作和存储元数据，并把实际数据存到IPFS上的项目。看了一眼还挺有意思，就在上面搭了一个自己的<a href="https://mayx.xlog.app/">另一个博客</a>，另外他们还使用这套方案写了一个类似Twitter的社交系统，也叫Crossbell，非常的人性化，可以说是把Web3真正的带给了普通用户。至于怎么搭他们的项目成员写了篇教程，<a href="https://song.xlog.app/5m-zh">5分钟就能搭好在Web3的博客</a>。 </p><p>
不过使用xLog那就不是技术人员的事了，而是让一个不怎么懂电脑的人来做的事情了。另外他们宣称数据是“Permanently stored on the blockchain”这一点我不太认同，要是说存到了Web3成为了其他人无法修改的数据，这倒是没什么问题，但是存到IPFS上只要没有被Pin，就有可能在节点GC的过程中永远消失。另外我其实对区块链接触不多，不清楚能不能完整的同步他们的链，如果不能那就是私链了，那样元数据也不能永久保留了……所以我只能说这个平台是Web3，可以保证不因为审查而404，但是不能在时间的长河中保留信息。</p>
<h1 id="技术人员的方法">
<a href="#技术人员的方法"><svg class='octicon' viewBox='0 0 16 16' version='1.1' width='16' height='32' aria-hidden='true'><path fill-rule='evenodd' d='M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z'></path></svg></a> 技术人员的方法
</h1>
<p>所以作为技术人员，我的博客当然直接上IPFS那更好啦，因为他们的平台毕竟可定制性不高，而且好多组件不知道有没有可替代性，比如以太坊JSON-RPC，不过他们的服务好像是都开源了，只要这个链可以被同步，能搭属于自己的RPC那倒是问题不大。 </p><p>
直接用IPFS客户端直接上传是最原生的办法，但是我不喜欢在自己电脑上安一堆莫名其妙的软件，像我现在写博客都是直接在Github或者Gitlab上写好然后直接用<a href="/2022/02/14/move.html">之前提到的静态页面服务商</a>一次性部署好。所以我也希望能有一个类似的服务商能帮我把我的博客上传到IPFS上。最后我找到的服务商就是<a href="https://www.4everland.org/">4EVERLAND</a>。它可以绑定Git仓库并监听变化，当有变化的时候就会自动部署到IPFS上，并且他们提供免费的Gateway来直接访问在IPFS上的内容，非常的不错。不过有个问题就是不知道什么原因，它的部署模板里面没有Jekyll的语句，然后前端还不能自定义……所以只能靠抓包的方式来修改成自己想要的部署语句。</p>
<h1 id="从ipfs直接访问">
<a href="#从ipfs直接访问"><svg class='octicon' viewBox='0 0 16 16' version='1.1' width='16' height='32' aria-hidden='true'><path fill-rule='evenodd' d='M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z'></path></svg></a> 从IPFS直接访问
</h1>
<p>使用4everland部署完之后直接访问当然也很好，但是总感觉和其他服务商差不多，谁知道它读取网页到底是从自己服务器上还是IPFS网络上读取呢？所以我还想整个更好的方式从IPFS上读取，也能证明它确实在IPFS上了。 </p><p>
直接通过Gateway去访问我的博客当然也没问题，但是每次部署的时候CID是会变化的，那这样我想访问也不方便啊……后来我听说可以把CID用一种叫dnslink的方式记录到DNS里，这样就能通过固定又好记的方式来访问。不过那时候我不知道怎么访问dnslink记录的网站……而且每次部署CID会变，那部署完我还要更新我的DNS记录啊？后来我查了查原来还有一种叫IPNS的东西，看了一眼4everland的控制台，原来每个网站它也会生成一个固定的IPNS，然后用dnslink可以指向IPNS。那如何访问呢？IPFS又没有一个IP地址，光TXT记录肯定不够的吧？后来我才知道原来要用CNAME解析到Gateway才能访问，设置之后每次访问Gateway就会自动解析在TXT记录里的dnslink了。现在 <a href="https://ipfs.mayx.eu.org">https://ipfs.mayx.eu.org</a> 这个网站就可以直接访问我博客在IPFS上的数据了。这不比xLog自由度高？不过我这个没办法存评论数据，可能xLog的特色就是社交吧，毕竟他们的主项目Crossbell就是主打的社交。希望可以整一个单独的插件，专门用他们的网络来为我这种静态博客提供评论功能，也是一个不错的选择（毕竟ETH公链上的手续费太贵啦😂）。</p>
<h1 id="更好的永久存储">
<a href="#更好的永久存储"><svg class='octicon' viewBox='0 0 16 16' version='1.1' width='16' height='32' aria-hidden='true'><path fill-rule='evenodd' d='M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z'></path></svg></a> 更好的永久存储
</h1>
<p>前面我说过，IPFS只能防止篡改，但不是作为永久存储的方案，上公链当然是也一种永久存储的方案但是成本太高了我付不起。后来我了解到一种叫做Arweave的东西可以永久存储你的数据，不过这不是免费的，想存得要付AR币到链上才可以。还好4EVERLAND提供了一些免费上传到AR网络的额度，非常的不错，这样我以后每次上传我会把地址写到<a href="https://github.com/Mabbs/mabbs.github.io/releases">Github的Releases</a>里面，进一步的提高我博客永久存储的可能性。 </p><p>
另外我还听说似乎还有一种叫做ZeroNet的东西也是通过分布式的方式存储数据，据群友所说也能在一定程度上永久存储。不过我试了试访问实在是太困难了😂，而且现在程序也不在维护了，所以也就放弃了。</p>
<h1 id="感想">
<a href="#感想"><svg class='octicon' viewBox='0 0 16 16' version='1.1' width='16' height='32' aria-hidden='true'><path fill-rule='evenodd' d='M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z'></path></svg></a> 感想
</h1>
<p>Web3真是发展的越来越好了，希望能有更多的人参与其中，一起创建不受管束的网络吧。（还有实现我的Mayx Forever计划😝） </p><p>
不过说来我也挺担心那个Crossbell的项目，作为不受监管的平台只要知名度上来肯定会被滥用到死，希望他们能活得更长一些吧。</p></main>
<small style="display: block">tags: <a rel="category tag" class="p-category" href="/search.html?keyword=Web3"><em>Web3</em></a> - <a rel="category tag" class="p-category" href="/search.html?keyword=%E5%8D%9A%E5%AE%A2"><em>博客</em></a> - <a rel="category tag" class="p-category" href="/search.html?keyword=%E6%90%AD%E5%BB%BA"><em>搭建</em></a> <span style="float: right;"><a href="https://gitlab.com/mayx/mayx.gitlab.io/tree/master/_posts/2022-10-19-web3.md">查看原始文件</a></span></small>
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