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<small><time class="date dt-published" datetime="2024-09-02T00:00:00+08:00">2 September 2024</time> - 字数统计：2149 - 阅读大约需要7分钟 - Hits: <span id="/2024/09/02/gmssl.html" class="visitors">Loading...</span></small>
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<h1 class="p-name">Python国密算法使用探索</h1>
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<p class="view">by <a class="p-author h-card" href="//github.com/Mabbs">mayx</a></p>
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<div id="outdate" style="display:none;">
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这是一篇创建于 <span id="outime"></span> 天前的文章，其中的信息可能已经有所发展或是发生改变。
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<b>AI摘要</b>
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<p id="ai-output">这篇文章讲述了作者在使用Python进行国密算法操作，特别是SM3和SM2算法时的经历。作者发现虽然Python标准库的新版OpenSSL支持国密，但旧版和一些第三方库如GmSSL-Python和gmssl存在兼容性问题。作者最终选择纯Python实现的gmssl库，解决了SM2验签时公钥转换和HMAC-SM3在旧版Python上的自定义适配问题。作者认为虽然国内国密算法进入了标准，但普及性不高，且安全性的疑虑仍存在。</p>
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<hr />
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<ul><li><a href="#起因">起因</a></li><li><a href="#关于python使用国密算法的方式">关于Python使用国密算法的方式</a></li><li><a href="#使用sm2withsm3进行验签">使用SM2withSM3进行验签</a></li><li><a href="#使用hmac-sm3对数据进行消息验证">使用HMAC-SM3对数据进行消息验证</a></li><li><a href="#感想">感想</a></li></ul>
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<hr />
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<main class="post-content e-content" role="main"><p>使用罕见的算法是什么感受😁<!--more--></p>
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<h1 id="起因">
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<a href="#起因"><svg class='octicon' viewBox='0 0 16 16' version='1.1' width='16' height='32' aria-hidden='true'><path fill-rule='evenodd' d='M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z'></path></svg></a> 起因
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</h1>
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<p>前段时间因为某些原因需要对某些东西进行密评改造，需要使用国密算法。虽然国密算法也算进入标准了，但是网上能搜到的资料还是太少了（尤其是Python的，大多资料都是Java的），所以我打算自己研究研究。</p>
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<h1 id="关于python使用国密算法的方式">
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<a href="#关于python使用国密算法的方式"><svg class='octicon' viewBox='0 0 16 16' version='1.1' width='16' height='32' aria-hidden='true'><path fill-rule='evenodd' d='M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z'></path></svg></a> 关于Python使用国密算法的方式
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</h1>
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<p>其实在新版OpenSSL中已经支持了国密算法，比如SM3还有SM4，不过<a href="https://github.com/pyca/pyopenssl">pyOpenSSL</a>似乎只有对非对称加密算法的支持……我倒是不在乎，因为在我实际应用里加解密都是服务器密码机处理的，我自己连密钥也看不到，所以不需要管怎么实现。但是签名验签还有摘要算法之类的理论上应该是可以自己实现的，毕竟算法是公开的。 </p><p>
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关于摘要算法SM3我搜了一下，似乎因为它已经进入标准了，至少在新版的Python中可以用<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">hashlib.new("sm3")</code>这样的方式进行计算，但是旧版的Python用不了……所以如果要在旧版Python上处理还得自己想办法。 </p><p>
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既然标准库不太能满足，那第三方库选哪个比较好呢？我看用的比较多的一个是封装C库<a href="https://github.com/guanzhi/GmSSL">GmSSL</a>的<a href="https://github.com/GmSSL/GmSSL-Python">GmSSL-Python</a>，想要安装得先安装那个C库；还有一个是纯Python实现的<a href="https://github.com/duanhongyi/gmssl">gmssl</a>。对我来说的话我更喜欢后面那个纯python实现的，虽然效率低了点，但是看起来比较简单（虽然看起来不是很专业🤣），那个C库包装的感觉有点复杂……而且这两个库有冲突，所以最终我选择了那个纯Python实现的版本。</p>
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<h1 id="使用sm2withsm3进行验签">
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<a href="#使用sm2withsm3进行验签"><svg class='octicon' viewBox='0 0 16 16' version='1.1' width='16' height='32' aria-hidden='true'><path fill-rule='evenodd' d='M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z'></path></svg></a> 使用SM2withSM3进行验签
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</h1>
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<p>在一些挑战应答方式的登录方式中就需要用到这种东西，服务器发送一个随机数让客户端用私钥签名，然后服务器用公钥进行验签。我看了一下那个库的“gmssl.sm2.CryptSM2”中有个verify_with_sm3方法挺符合需求的，但有个问题是它这个CryptSM2传入的公钥是串数字，但客户端传来的是证书……看来还得解析证书，我看pyOpenSSL库里有加载证书还有导出公钥的方法，但是那个导出的公钥也不是一串数字……后来看了半天，发现导出的公钥的倒数130位才是公钥😅……最终把所有的值带进去试了一下终于没问题了，最终的代码如下：</p>
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<div class="language-python highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">OpenSSL.crypto</span>
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<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">gmssl</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">sm2</span>
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<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">base64</span>
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<span class="n">certSign</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">""</span> <span class="c1"># 证书
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</span><span class="n">signBytes</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="sa">b</span><span class="s">""</span> <span class="c1"># 签名
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</span><span class="n">inData</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="sa">b</span><span class="s">""</span> <span class="c1"># 被签名的值
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</span>
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<span class="n">sm2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">CryptSM2</span><span class="p">(</span>
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<span class="n">private_key</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">""</span><span class="p">,</span>
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<span class="n">public_key</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">OpenSSL</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">crypto</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">dump_publickey</span><span class="p">(</span>
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<span class="n">OpenSSL</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">crypto</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">FILETYPE_ASN1</span><span class="p">,</span>
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<span class="n">OpenSSL</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">crypto</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">load_certificate</span><span class="p">(</span>
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<span class="n">OpenSSL</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">crypto</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">FILETYPE_PEM</span><span class="p">,</span>
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<span class="sa">f</span><span class="s">"""-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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</span><span class="si">{</span><span class="n">certSign</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s">
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-----END CERTIFICATE-----"""</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">encode</span><span class="p">(),</span>
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<span class="p">).</span><span class="n">get_pubkey</span><span class="p">(),</span>
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<span class="p">).</span><span class="nb">hex</span><span class="p">()[</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">128</span><span class="p">:],</span>
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<span class="n">asn1</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">,</span>
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<span class="p">).</span><span class="n">verify_with_sm3</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">signBytes</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nb">hex</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="n">inData</span><span class="p">)</span>
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</code></pre></div></div>
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<h1 id="使用hmac-sm3对数据进行消息验证">
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<a href="#使用hmac-sm3对数据进行消息验证"><svg class='octicon' viewBox='0 0 16 16' version='1.1' width='16' height='32' aria-hidden='true'><path fill-rule='evenodd' d='M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z'></path></svg></a> 使用HMAC-SM3对数据进行消息验证
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</h1>
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<p>这个其实新版的Python可以直接用，因为新版Python的hashlib里有SM3，所以一句</p>
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<div class="language-python highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="n">hmac</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">new</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">data</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">digestmod</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"sm3"</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="n">hexdigest</span><span class="p">()</span>
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</code></pre></div></div>
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<p>就可以了，但是我用的是旧版的Python（macOS自带的3.9.6🤣）不支持……那怎么办呢？我看了一下这个函数的注释写的“digestmod”这个参数除了传hashlib支持的方法之外还可以传符合<a href="https://peps.python.org/pep-0247/">PEP 247</a>的模块。显然无论是GmSSL-Python还是gmssl都没有符合这个规范。不过我可以自己写个适配器来适配这个规范。所以最终只好自己写一下了：</p>
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<div class="language-python highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">copy</span>
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<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">hmac</span>
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<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">gmssl</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">sm3</span>
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<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">sm3_adapter</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
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<span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">msg</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
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<span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">digest_size</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">32</span>
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<span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">block_size</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">64</span>
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|
||
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">new</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">msg</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">update</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">data</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">msg</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">copy</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">copy</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">deepcopy</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">digest</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="nb">bytes</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">fromhex</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">hexdigest</span><span class="p">())</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">hexdigest</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">sm3</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">sm3_hash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">msg</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="n">key</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="sa">b</span><span class="s">""</span> <span class="c1"># 密钥
|
||
</span><span class="n">data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="sa">b</span><span class="s">""</span> <span class="c1"># 数据
|
||
</span><span class="n">hmac</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">new</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">data</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">digestmod</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">sm3_adapter</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="n">hexdigest</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div></div>
|
||
<h1 id="感想">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="#感想"><svg class='octicon' viewBox='0 0 16 16' version='1.1' width='16' height='32' aria-hidden='true'><path fill-rule='evenodd' d='M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z'></path></svg></a> 感想
|
||
|
||
|
||
</h1>
|
||
|
||
<p>这么看来使用国密算法加密倒是也没很复杂，但是和国际标准相比也没什么优势。虽然有些地方强制使用那确实没啥办法，但是想要普及肯定是不用想了，另外我自己的东西肯定是不敢用国密，虽然进了标准而且也开放了算法，但是很难说会不会像Dual_EC_DRBG算法那样偷偷插了后门 <del>（虽然我觉得他们应该没这个实力🤣）</del> ，但国际算法有后门我不怕，国内算法有后门那就吓人了🤣。</p></main>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<small style="display: block">tags: <a rel="category tag" class="p-category" href="/search.html?keyword=Python"><em>Python</em></a> - <a rel="category tag" class="p-category" href="/search.html?keyword=GmSSL"><em>GmSSL</em></a> - <a rel="category tag" class="p-category" href="/search.html?keyword=%E5%9B%BD%E5%AF%86"><em>国密</em></a> <span style="float: right;"><a href="https://gitlab.com/mayx/mayx.gitlab.io/tree/master/_posts/2024-09-02-gmssl.md">查看原始文件</a></span></small>
|
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