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<small><time class="date dt-published" datetime="2020-06-17T00:00:00+08:00">17 June 2020</time> - 字数统计：3822 - 阅读大约需要14分钟 - Hits: <span id="/2020/06/17/backup.html" class="visitors">Loading...</span></small>
<h1 class="p-name">论备份的重要性</h1>
<p class="view">by <a class="p-author h-card" href="//github.com/Mabbs">mayx</a></p>
<div id="outdate" style="display:none;">
<hr /><p>
这是一篇创建于 <span id="outime"></span> 天前的文章，其中的信息可能已经有所发展或是发生改变。
</p>
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<hr />
<b>AI摘要</b>
<p id="ai-output">这篇文章讲述了作者在云服务器Vultr上遭遇数据丢失的经历，由于服务器突然挂掉且回滚到的快照时间较早，导致十几天的数据可能丢失。作者在服务器故障后发现Vultr未能有效恢复，数据恢复仅能依靠旧的快照，这让他反思了备份的重要性和供应商责任。他计划设置自动快照脚本以防止未来类似问题，并考虑将数据备份到本地以增加安全度。作者认为个人不能完全依赖云服务商，备份是保障数据安全的关键。</p>
<hr />
<ul><li><a href="#起因">起因</a></li><li><a href="#难以想象的垃圾服务商vultr">难以想象的垃圾服务商：Vultr</a></li><li><a href="#亡羊补牢">亡羊补牢</a><ul><li><a href="#自动快照的脚本">自动快照的脚本</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#后记">后记</a></li></ul>
<hr />
<main class="post-content e-content" role="main"><p>只有事情发生到自己头上才想到要解决<!--more--></p>
<h1 id="起因">
<a href="#起因"><svg class='octicon' viewBox='0 0 16 16' version='1.1' width='16' height='32' aria-hidden='true'><path fill-rule='evenodd' d='M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z'></path></svg></a> 起因
</h1>
<p>今天早上发生了一件很糟糕的事情，一打开聊天软件就发现有人在说我维护的花火学园挂掉了，错误信息是无法访问源站。我觉得挺奇怪，服务器又没啥负载，我也有一段时间没登进去了，怎么服务器就挂掉了？ </p><p>
我试着用SSH连接，同样无法连接，我发现事情不太对劲，然后就登到了Vultr里看了看。结果发现我的服务器在00:00之后就像一个死人一样，CPU负载被拉成了一条直线，就那样保持0%的位置。我以为是因为莫名其妙的原因服务器关机了，然而我重启以后仍然没有解决问题。 </p><p>
登录到终端一看，<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">No bootable device</code>就这样显示在屏幕上，硬盘直接读不出来了，这下可不得了了，我赶紧去快照里看了一下，发现最后一次快照的时间在5月30日，也就是说如果没能恢复数据这十几天的所有信息都将消失！</p>
<h1 id="难以想象的垃圾服务商vultr">
<a href="#难以想象的垃圾服务商vultr"><svg class='octicon' viewBox='0 0 16 16' version='1.1' width='16' height='32' aria-hidden='true'><path fill-rule='evenodd' d='M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z'></path></svg></a> 难以想象的垃圾服务商：Vultr
</h1>
<p>首先我要做的事情当然是想办法先恢复服务，虽然那个快照有点早，但是先顶上再说吧…… </p><p>
想一想我的防护应该做的也没啥问题，而且一般成功入侵服务器的人也应该是删库然后留一条信息的那种，直接干死硬盘的我还真没见过。于是我开始发Ticket给Vultr，看看到底是怎么回事。 </p><p>
Vultr在我问完的4个小时后给出了最终的解决方案，把我的服务器直接重置，在上面安了新的操作系统然后给我赔了两个月的服务器费用……原文如下：</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Hello,</p>
<p>In the past 24 hours, we sent notification of a node failure impacting your cloud server listed above.</p>
<p>Despite extensive efforts, our attempts to manually recover your cloud server were unsuccessful.</p>
<p>Our engineering team is currently deploying new instances with the same operating system and IP and you will receive login details in a separate message. You may also deploy a backup or snapshot on a new instance with a new IP if you prefer.</p>
<p>Our staff will be applying a two month account credit for the affected services shortly.</p>
<p>Regards, </p><p>
Bryan M. </p><p>
Systems Administrator</p>
</blockquote>
<p>哇，这真是太糟糕了，作为一家云服务器商就直接把客户的数据搞没了，然后就赔2个月的费用？要知道数据无价啊，就这么不负责任的吗？简直是不可思议啊！ </p><p>
不过我也没什么好办法了，也许他们不重装我还想着试试SystemRescueCD试试看能不能把整个磁盘复制出来，但是他们既然已经直接重装那就彻底没救了……QAQ</p>
<h1 id="亡羊补牢">
<a href="#亡羊补牢"><svg class='octicon' viewBox='0 0 16 16' version='1.1' width='16' height='32' aria-hidden='true'><path fill-rule='evenodd' d='M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z'></path></svg></a> 亡羊补牢
</h1>
<p>既然数据已经救不回来了，那我们也只能向前看，得想办法避免以后再出现这样的问题。因为我最近在期末阶段，比较忙，所以也不经常去打快照。虽然以前也出现过服务出问题的情况，像<a href="/2020/01/05/devops.html">MySQL挂了</a>、CDN挂了、还有一次好像是交换机出问题了，但是无论如何数据从来没有丢失过。这一次数据都能丢了也真的是太糟糕了，要不是有快照，那就真成删库跑路了…… </p><p>
既然没时间打快照，我得想个办法搞一个自动打快照的东西。在网上搜了搜，还真有这样的脚本，于是我拿来改了改就装上去用了。</p>
<h2 id="自动快照的脚本">
<a href="#自动快照的脚本"><svg class='octicon' viewBox='0 0 16 16' version='1.1' width='16' height='32' aria-hidden='true'><path fill-rule='evenodd' d='M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z'></path></svg></a> 自动快照的脚本
</h2>
<div class="language-python highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">requests</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">requests</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">get</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">re</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">json</span>
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">__RPC</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">api_key</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">api_key</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">api_key</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">api_info</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">None</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">name</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">errors</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="mi">200</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">"Function successfully executed."</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="mi">400</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">"Invalid API location. Check the URL that you are using."</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="mi">403</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">"Invalid or missing API key. Check that your API key is present and matches your assigned key."</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="mi">405</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">"Invalid HTTP method. Check that the method (POST|GET) matches what the documentation indicates."</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="mi">412</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">"Request failed. Check the response body for a more detailed description."</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="mi">500</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">"Internal server error. Try again at a later time."</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="mi">503</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">"Rate limit hit. API requests are limited to an average of 2/s. Try your request again later."</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">api_info_initial</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">api_info</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s">"snapshot/create"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s">"POST"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s">"snapshot/destroy"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s">"POST"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s">"snapshot/list"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s">"GET"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s">"server/list"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s">"GET"</span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">__getattr__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="nb">eval</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"__RPC"</span><span class="p">)(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">api_key</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">name</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s">"/"</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">__call__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">api_info</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">api_info_initial</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">name</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">api_info</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">raise</span> <span class="nb">ValueError</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"The API is not exists."</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">api_info</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s">"GET"</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">res</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">requests</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"https://api.vultr.com/v1/"</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">headers</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="s">"API-Key"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">api_key</span><span class="p">},</span>
<span class="n">params</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">elif</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">api_info</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s">"POST"</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">res</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">requests</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">post</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"https://api.vultr.com/v1/"</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">headers</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="s">"API-Key"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">api_key</span><span class="p">},</span> <span class="n">data</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">status_code</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">200</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">status_code</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">text</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">strip</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">elif</span> <span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">status_code</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">errors</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">keys</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">status_code</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">errors</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">status_code</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">raise_for_status</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Vultr</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">api_key</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">api_key</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">api_key</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">__getattr__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="nb">eval</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"__RPC"</span><span class="p">)(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">api_key</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">vultr</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Vultr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"API Key"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s">'SUBID'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">'实例ID'</span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="n">status_code</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">resp</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">vultr</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">snapshot</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">create</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">requests</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">post</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"https://sc.ftqq.com/SCKEY.send"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">data</span> <span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="s">"text"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s">"快照已创建"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s">"desp"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">status_code</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">resp</span><span class="p">})</span>
<span class="c1"># 删除旧快照
</span><span class="n">status_code</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">resp</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">vultr</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">snapshot</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="c1"># /v1/snapshot/list
</span><span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">status_code</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="mi">200</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'获取快照列表失败'</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">status_code</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">resp</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'成功获取到快照列表'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">data_list</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">json</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">loads</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">resp</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="n">values</span><span class="p">())</span>
<span class="n">data_list</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">sort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="k">lambda</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">'date_created'</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="c1"># 默认时间排序，由近到远
</span> <span class="n">data_list_del</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">data_list</span><span class="p">[::</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="mi">9</span><span class="p">:]</span> <span class="c1"># 取超过9个之后的快照
</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">data_del</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">data_list_del</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s">'SNAPSHOTID'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">data_del</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'SNAPSHOTID'</span><span class="p">)}</span>
<span class="n">status_code</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">resp</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">vultr</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">snapshot</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">destroy</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># /v1/snapshot/destroy
</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">status_code</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="mi">200</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'删除旧快照失败'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'成功删除一个旧快照'</span><span class="p">)</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>把这个脚本放到Crontab里，每天执行一次就行了。</p>
<h1 id="后记">
<a href="#后记"><svg class='octicon' viewBox='0 0 16 16' version='1.1' width='16' height='32' aria-hidden='true'><path fill-rule='evenodd' d='M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z'></path></svg></a> 后记
</h1>
<p>相信服务器厂商是完全靠不住的事情，自己还得想办法做好备份。我甚至在想，阿三把Intel和微软都占领了，会不会有一个阿三也跑到Vultr里，然后对着我的硬盘大喊“把你变成咖喱”之类的23333。 </p><p>
现在不过是权宜之计，以后还是得想办法把整个论坛下载到本地，至少能搞个数据库的差异备份啥的也行啊……</p></main>
<small style="display: block">tags: <a rel="category tag" class="p-category" href="/search.html?keyword=%E5%A4%87%E4%BB%BD"><em>备份</em></a> <span style="float: right;"><a href="https://gitlab.com/mayx/mayx.gitlab.io/tree/master/_posts/2020-06-17-backup.md">查看原始文件</a></span></small>
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